What are bonus shares?
Bonus shares are those allotted by the company to existing shareholders, free of cost. The company does this by capitalising its free reserves. Assume a company with an equity capital of Rs 500 crore and free reserves of Rs 1,000 crore. If this company issues a 1:1 bonus (one free share for every held), its equity capital will double to Rs 1,000 crore. The extra Rs 500 crore is shifted from the free reserves to the equity capital, and the shareholders given the bonus shares. The company’s equity capital is now Rs 1,000 crore and its free reserves Rs 500 crore (Rs 1,000 crore minus Rs 500 crore).
Why do companies issue bonus shares?
Bonus shares are usually issued to improve liquidity in a stock, and give a feeling to the investor that the stock price has become more affordable. This helps in improving the sentiment for the stock, especially among retail investors, as he can now own more number of shares for the amount of one share earlier. Following the bonus issue, the stock price will correct to the extent of the bonus ratio. For instance, if the ratio is 1:1, the stock price will halve, if the ratio is 2:1 (two bonus shares for every one share held), the stock price will become one-third.
Will Reliance shareholders benefit from the 1:1 bonus issue announced a couple of days ago?
That depends on whether the company will maintain the per share dividend payout at Rs 13 next year also. If the company pays a dividend of Rs 13 per share next year, it would mean doubling of dividend for shareholders, since they will now be owning twice the number of shares.
What could have been the reason for Reliance Industries to announce a bonus issue at this stage?
Market view is divided. Some say the move is a genuine gesture to reward the loyal base of retail shareholders. Others point out that the company is trying to boost sentiment for the stock at a time when it is mired in a legal battle with ADAG over gas supply, and grappling with subdued growth in earnings near term.
Should investors be excited about the RIL bonus share issue?
A liberal bonus issue does indicate confidence on the part of the management to be able to service the expanded equity base. Besides, in India, the general trend has been that of stock prices factoring in the bonus issue faster than expected. What this means is that if a stock is quoting at a pre or cum-bonus price of Rs 100, and falls to Rs 50 after the bonus issue, it will climb back to Rs 100 faster than a corresponding rise in earnings. Though irrational, this has been the general trend.
Does a bonus issue make a difference to the fundamentals of the company?
No. It does not change anything for the company. The net worth of the company (equity capital + free reserves) will remain the same, growth in absolute profits and profitability will depend on the company’s efficiency levels and market conditions. Earnings per share (earnings divided by the number of shares in issue) will come down in absolute terms, but the price to earning multiple (stock price divided by earnings per share) will remain the same, as the stock price too would have reduced to the extent of the bonus issue.
Other than the prospect of more dividend, what is the attraction of a bonus issue?
Many investors use bonus shares to offset short-term capital gains tax. For instance, an investor can buy a stock just before the bonus issue, sell the bonus share once the stock price adjusts, and show that transaction as a loss while retaining the original share. This loss can be adjusted against the short-term capital gain the investor has made in some other transaction.
Is a bonus share issue the same as a stock split?
No. In a stock split, the face value of the share is reduced. If the company reduces the Rs 10 rupee face value of a share to Rs 5, an investor with one share of Rs 10 face value will have two shares of Rs 5 face value. In case of a stock split, the equity capital remains unchanged, but the number of shares in absolute terms, increases.
Friday, October 9, 2009
Sunday, September 20, 2009
starting a business
Starting and managing a business takes motivation and talent. It also requires a lot of research and planning. Although initial errors are not always catastrophic, it takes extra specialization, discipline, and hard work to gain advantage.
Beforehand, there must be enough time allotted to exploring and evaluating the business that you are interested in pursuing. These information would be needed to build a comprehensive and contemplative business plan that will help you achieve these goals.
A business plan is detailing a blue print, foreseeing the future of an endeavored enterprise, usually designed to attract capital investment and profit. This is the first tool to be developed by thinking through some important issues that you may not otherwise consider. Your plan will become valuable as you set out to raise money for your business, and it will provide milestones to gauge your success.
There are many important issues that need to be considered when going into business.
First, assess your reason for wanting to go into business.
Next determine the right and suitable business, contemplating the technical skills possessed; specializations; activities involved; time to be allotted; and marketability of interests.
Then, identify personal business niche.
The final step before developing your plan is the pre-business checklist which encompasses skills and experience, legal structure to be used, maintenance of business records, insurance coverage, resources, location, compensation and financing.
It is also vital to decide on what form of business entity to establish. The most common forms of business are the
(1) Sole proprietorship—unincorporated,
(2) Partnership—two or more persons carrying out a trade,
(3) Corporation—prospective shareholders exchange money, property, or both, for the corporation's capital stock.,
(4) S corporation—an eligible domestic corporation. A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a relatively new business structure allowed by state statute. There are four distinct sections in a business plan body. These are the
(1) Description of the business,
(2) Marketing,
(3) Finances
(4) Management.
The business plan is a tool with three basic purposes:
(1) Communication—used to attract investment capital, secure loans, convince workers to hire on, and assist in attracting strategic business partners;
(2) Management—helps you track, monitor and evaluate your progress;
(3) Planning—guides you through the various phases of your business. In order to keep a business alive, proper management should be applied. One should ensure adequate financing, knowledge and planning. Marketing wise, the enterprise must attract and retain a growing base of satisfied customers. It is also vital that proper strategic planning and advertising is applied.
Beforehand, there must be enough time allotted to exploring and evaluating the business that you are interested in pursuing. These information would be needed to build a comprehensive and contemplative business plan that will help you achieve these goals.
A business plan is detailing a blue print, foreseeing the future of an endeavored enterprise, usually designed to attract capital investment and profit. This is the first tool to be developed by thinking through some important issues that you may not otherwise consider. Your plan will become valuable as you set out to raise money for your business, and it will provide milestones to gauge your success.
There are many important issues that need to be considered when going into business.
First, assess your reason for wanting to go into business.
Next determine the right and suitable business, contemplating the technical skills possessed; specializations; activities involved; time to be allotted; and marketability of interests.
Then, identify personal business niche.
The final step before developing your plan is the pre-business checklist which encompasses skills and experience, legal structure to be used, maintenance of business records, insurance coverage, resources, location, compensation and financing.
It is also vital to decide on what form of business entity to establish. The most common forms of business are the
(1) Sole proprietorship—unincorporated,
(2) Partnership—two or more persons carrying out a trade,
(3) Corporation—prospective shareholders exchange money, property, or both, for the corporation's capital stock.,
(4) S corporation—an eligible domestic corporation. A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a relatively new business structure allowed by state statute. There are four distinct sections in a business plan body. These are the
(1) Description of the business,
(2) Marketing,
(3) Finances
(4) Management.
The business plan is a tool with three basic purposes:
(1) Communication—used to attract investment capital, secure loans, convince workers to hire on, and assist in attracting strategic business partners;
(2) Management—helps you track, monitor and evaluate your progress;
(3) Planning—guides you through the various phases of your business. In order to keep a business alive, proper management should be applied. One should ensure adequate financing, knowledge and planning. Marketing wise, the enterprise must attract and retain a growing base of satisfied customers. It is also vital that proper strategic planning and advertising is applied.
Tuesday, July 7, 2009
Highlights of Union Budget 2009-10
Following are the highlights of Budget 2009-10.
* Govt plans to bring back economy to high growth of 9%
* GDP growth dipped to 6.7% in FY'09
* FM to make pre-budget talks with state FMs annual affair
* Fiscal deficit up from 2.7% to 6.8% of GDP
* Return to fiscal prudence at the earliest
* 'Aam admi' is focus of all programmes and schemes
* Limit raised by Rs 10,000 for tax payers, including women
* 10% surcharge on personal income tax scrapped
* Fringe Benefit Tax abolished
* No change in corporate tax
* Defence gets Rs 1,41,703 cr, up 34%
* Total fiscal stimulus in 2008-09 amounts to Rs 1,86,000 cr
* IIFCL to evolve mechanism for increased funding of infra
* IIFCL to re-finance commercial bank loans up to 60 per cent in critical projects through PPP to tune of Rs 1,00,000 cr
* Allocations for highways being stepped up by 23 per cent
* Funds for housing, amenities for urban poor up Rs 3,973 cr
* Funds for JN Urban Renewal Mission up 87% to Rs 12,887 cr
* Assistance for storm-water drainage project up by Rs 300 cr
* Farm credit target up at Rs 3,25,000 cr from Rs 2,87,000 cr
* Interest rates incentive to farmers to repay loans on time
* Additional Rs 1,000 crore for accelerated irrigation scheme
* Export Credit Guarantee scheme extended till March 2010 * 2% interest subvention (IS) scheme extended till March 2010
* IS scheme to cover 7 job-oriented sectors, including textile, handicrafts and handlooms.
* Commodity Transaction Tax abolished
* New pension system trust exempted from STT; DDT
* Minimum Alternate Tax hiked to 15% from 10%
* Tax holiday on petro sector extended to natural gas
* 100% tax deduction on political donation * Stimulus for print media for another six months * Fertiliser subsidy to be nutrient-based, not price
* Expert Grp to form viable pricing for imported petro goods
* Banks and insurance firms to remain in public sector
* Rs 100 cr one-time grant to expand banks in unbanked areas * Govt committed to provide Rs 100 a day as wages under NREGA
* Allocation of Rs 39,100 cr to be made for NREGA
* NREGA coverage increased to 4.74 crore households in FY'09
* Work National Food Security scheme has begun
* Allocation for Bharat Nirman being raised by 45 per cent
* Rs 2,000 cr rural housing fund under National Housing Bank
* Mission for female literacy with focus on minorities, SC/ST * 50% of all rural women to be brought into SHG programmes
* Full interest subsidy for students in select institutions
* Five lakh students to benefit
* Modernisation of national exployment exchanges
* Action for social security to unorganised sector workers
* New pension benefits for 12 lakh jawans and JCOs from July
* One lakh dwelling units for paramilitary forces personnel
* Unique Identification Card to citizens in 12-18 months
* Provision of Rs 120 crore for UIC project
* Rs 2,113 crore allocated for IITs and new IITs
* Rs 3472 cr for Commonwealth Games from Rs 2112 cr
* Customs, excise and service tax base rates unchanged
* For Indira Awas Yojana, allocation increased 63%
* IT returns to be made simpler
* 8 missions being launched under Plan on climate change
* Allocation for market development assistance scheme up 148%
* Allocation for Rural Health Mission raised by Rs 257 cr above interim budget
* Rs 500 cr for rehabilitation of Sri Lankan Tamils
* Rs 1,000 cr for infrastructure in cyclone-hit area in WB
* Total expenditure crosses Rs 10 lakh cr for first time
* Share of direct taxes in revenue increased to 56% in FY'09
* Govt plans to bring back economy to high growth of 9%
* GDP growth dipped to 6.7% in FY'09
* FM to make pre-budget talks with state FMs annual affair
* Fiscal deficit up from 2.7% to 6.8% of GDP
* Return to fiscal prudence at the earliest
* 'Aam admi' is focus of all programmes and schemes
* Limit raised by Rs 10,000 for tax payers, including women
* 10% surcharge on personal income tax scrapped
* Fringe Benefit Tax abolished
* No change in corporate tax
* Defence gets Rs 1,41,703 cr, up 34%
* Total fiscal stimulus in 2008-09 amounts to Rs 1,86,000 cr
* IIFCL to evolve mechanism for increased funding of infra
* IIFCL to re-finance commercial bank loans up to 60 per cent in critical projects through PPP to tune of Rs 1,00,000 cr
* Allocations for highways being stepped up by 23 per cent
* Funds for housing, amenities for urban poor up Rs 3,973 cr
* Funds for JN Urban Renewal Mission up 87% to Rs 12,887 cr
* Assistance for storm-water drainage project up by Rs 300 cr
* Farm credit target up at Rs 3,25,000 cr from Rs 2,87,000 cr
* Interest rates incentive to farmers to repay loans on time
* Additional Rs 1,000 crore for accelerated irrigation scheme
* Export Credit Guarantee scheme extended till March 2010 * 2% interest subvention (IS) scheme extended till March 2010
* IS scheme to cover 7 job-oriented sectors, including textile, handicrafts and handlooms.
* Commodity Transaction Tax abolished
* New pension system trust exempted from STT; DDT
* Minimum Alternate Tax hiked to 15% from 10%
* Tax holiday on petro sector extended to natural gas
* 100% tax deduction on political donation * Stimulus for print media for another six months * Fertiliser subsidy to be nutrient-based, not price
* Expert Grp to form viable pricing for imported petro goods
* Banks and insurance firms to remain in public sector
* Rs 100 cr one-time grant to expand banks in unbanked areas * Govt committed to provide Rs 100 a day as wages under NREGA
* Allocation of Rs 39,100 cr to be made for NREGA
* NREGA coverage increased to 4.74 crore households in FY'09
* Work National Food Security scheme has begun
* Allocation for Bharat Nirman being raised by 45 per cent
* Rs 2,000 cr rural housing fund under National Housing Bank
* Mission for female literacy with focus on minorities, SC/ST * 50% of all rural women to be brought into SHG programmes
* Full interest subsidy for students in select institutions
* Five lakh students to benefit
* Modernisation of national exployment exchanges
* Action for social security to unorganised sector workers
* New pension benefits for 12 lakh jawans and JCOs from July
* One lakh dwelling units for paramilitary forces personnel
* Unique Identification Card to citizens in 12-18 months
* Provision of Rs 120 crore for UIC project
* Rs 2,113 crore allocated for IITs and new IITs
* Rs 3472 cr for Commonwealth Games from Rs 2112 cr
* Customs, excise and service tax base rates unchanged
* For Indira Awas Yojana, allocation increased 63%
* IT returns to be made simpler
* 8 missions being launched under Plan on climate change
* Allocation for market development assistance scheme up 148%
* Allocation for Rural Health Mission raised by Rs 257 cr above interim budget
* Rs 500 cr for rehabilitation of Sri Lankan Tamils
* Rs 1,000 cr for infrastructure in cyclone-hit area in WB
* Total expenditure crosses Rs 10 lakh cr for first time
* Share of direct taxes in revenue increased to 56% in FY'09
Monday, June 29, 2009
A Humour in Stock Market
A church father dies and is waiting in line at the Gates to heaven.
Ahead of him is a guy who's dressed in sunglasses, a loud shirt, leather jacket, and jeans.
Saint Peter addresses this guy, "Who are you, so that I may know whether or not to admit you to the Kingdom of Heaven?"
The guy replies, "I'm Joe, stockbroker, of New York City."
Saint Peter consults his list. He smiles and says to the stockbroker, "Take this silken robe and golden staff and enter the Kingdom of Heaven."
The stockbroker goes into Heaven with his robe and staff, and it's the father's turn.
He stands erect and booms out, "I am Joseph , pastor of Saint Mary's for the last forty-three years."
Saint Peter consults his list. He says to the father, "Take this cotton robe and wooden staff and enter the Kingdom of Heaven."
"Just a minute," says the father. "That man was a stockbroker-- he gets a silken robe and golden staff but I, a father, only get a cotton robe and wooden staff? How can this be?"
"Up here, we work by results," says Saint Peter. "While you preached, people slept;
his clients, they prayed… ;)
Ahead of him is a guy who's dressed in sunglasses, a loud shirt, leather jacket, and jeans.
Saint Peter addresses this guy, "Who are you, so that I may know whether or not to admit you to the Kingdom of Heaven?"
The guy replies, "I'm Joe, stockbroker, of New York City."
Saint Peter consults his list. He smiles and says to the stockbroker, "Take this silken robe and golden staff and enter the Kingdom of Heaven."
The stockbroker goes into Heaven with his robe and staff, and it's the father's turn.
He stands erect and booms out, "I am Joseph , pastor of Saint Mary's for the last forty-three years."
Saint Peter consults his list. He says to the father, "Take this cotton robe and wooden staff and enter the Kingdom of Heaven."
"Just a minute," says the father. "That man was a stockbroker-- he gets a silken robe and golden staff but I, a father, only get a cotton robe and wooden staff? How can this be?"
"Up here, we work by results," says Saint Peter. "While you preached, people slept;
his clients, they prayed… ;)
Thursday, February 26, 2009
Install Love, It’s Simple…
Tech Support: Yes, how can I help you?
Customer: Well, after much consideration, I’ve decided to install Love. Can you guide me through the process?
Tech Support: Yes. I can help you. Are you ready to proceed?
Customer: Well, I’m not very technical, but I think I’m ready. What do I do first?
Tech Support: The first step is to open your Heart. Have you located your Heart?
Customer: Yes, but there are several other programs running now. Is it okay to install Love while they are running?
Tech Support: What programs are running ?
Customer: Let’s see, I have Past Hurt, Low Self-Esteem, Grudge and Resentment running right now.
Tech Support: No problem, Love will gradually erase Past Hurt from your current operating system. It may remain in your permanent memory but it will no longer disrupt other programs. Love will eventually override Low Self-Esteem with a module of its own called High Self-Esteem.
However, you have to completely turn off Grudge and Resentment. Those programs prevent Love from being properly installed. Can you turn those off ?
Customer: I don’t know how to turn them off. Can you tell me how?
Tech Support: With pleasure. Go to your start menu and invoke Forgiveness. Do this as many times as necessary until Grudge and Resentment have been completely erased.
Customer: Okay, done! Love has started installing itself. Is that normal?
Tech Support: Yes, but remember that you have only the base program. You need to begin connecting to other Hearts in order to get the upgrades.
Customer: Oops! I have an error message already. It says, “Error - Program not run on external components.” What should I do?
Tech Support: Don’t worry. It means that the Love program is set up to run on Internal Hearts, but has not yet been run on your Heart. In non-technical terms, it simply means you have to Love yourself before you can Love others.
Customer: So, what should I do?
Tech Support: Pull down Self-Acceptance; then click on the following files: Forgive-Self; Realize Your Worth; and Acknowledge your Limitations.
Customer: Okay, done.
Tech Support: Now, copy them to the “My Heart” directory. The system will overwrite any conflicting files and begin patching faulty programming. Also, you need to delete Verbose Self-Criticism from all directories and empty your Recycle Bin to make sure it is completely gone and never comes back.
Customer: Got it. Hey! My heart is filling up with new files. Smile is playing on my monitor and Peace and Contentment are copying themselves all over My Heart. Is this normal?
Tech Support: Sometimes. For others it takes awhile, but eventually everything gets it at the proper time. So Love is installed and running.
One more thing before we hang up. Love is Freeware. Be sure to give it and its various modules to everyone you meet. They will in turn share it with others and return some cool modules back to you.
Customer: Thank you, God.
God/Tech Support: You’re Welcome, Anytime.
— Anonymous
I wish to highlight that I received the above freeware from a friend. She had forwarded it in an email which was from someone else.
I thought I’d share it as I found it a rather cute way of presenting about self-love.
Customer: Well, after much consideration, I’ve decided to install Love. Can you guide me through the process?
Tech Support: Yes. I can help you. Are you ready to proceed?
Customer: Well, I’m not very technical, but I think I’m ready. What do I do first?
Tech Support: The first step is to open your Heart. Have you located your Heart?
Customer: Yes, but there are several other programs running now. Is it okay to install Love while they are running?
Tech Support: What programs are running ?
Customer: Let’s see, I have Past Hurt, Low Self-Esteem, Grudge and Resentment running right now.
Tech Support: No problem, Love will gradually erase Past Hurt from your current operating system. It may remain in your permanent memory but it will no longer disrupt other programs. Love will eventually override Low Self-Esteem with a module of its own called High Self-Esteem.
However, you have to completely turn off Grudge and Resentment. Those programs prevent Love from being properly installed. Can you turn those off ?
Customer: I don’t know how to turn them off. Can you tell me how?
Tech Support: With pleasure. Go to your start menu and invoke Forgiveness. Do this as many times as necessary until Grudge and Resentment have been completely erased.
Customer: Okay, done! Love has started installing itself. Is that normal?
Tech Support: Yes, but remember that you have only the base program. You need to begin connecting to other Hearts in order to get the upgrades.
Customer: Oops! I have an error message already. It says, “Error - Program not run on external components.” What should I do?
Tech Support: Don’t worry. It means that the Love program is set up to run on Internal Hearts, but has not yet been run on your Heart. In non-technical terms, it simply means you have to Love yourself before you can Love others.
Customer: So, what should I do?
Tech Support: Pull down Self-Acceptance; then click on the following files: Forgive-Self; Realize Your Worth; and Acknowledge your Limitations.
Customer: Okay, done.
Tech Support: Now, copy them to the “My Heart” directory. The system will overwrite any conflicting files and begin patching faulty programming. Also, you need to delete Verbose Self-Criticism from all directories and empty your Recycle Bin to make sure it is completely gone and never comes back.
Customer: Got it. Hey! My heart is filling up with new files. Smile is playing on my monitor and Peace and Contentment are copying themselves all over My Heart. Is this normal?
Tech Support: Sometimes. For others it takes awhile, but eventually everything gets it at the proper time. So Love is installed and running.
One more thing before we hang up. Love is Freeware. Be sure to give it and its various modules to everyone you meet. They will in turn share it with others and return some cool modules back to you.
Customer: Thank you, God.
God/Tech Support: You’re Welcome, Anytime.
— Anonymous
I wish to highlight that I received the above freeware from a friend. She had forwarded it in an email which was from someone else.
I thought I’d share it as I found it a rather cute way of presenting about self-love.
Friday, February 6, 2009
How it changed…
Here i am sitting in my office @ night…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed from a maverick collage life to strict professional life…
How tiny pocket money changed to huge monthly paychecks
but then why it gives less happiness…
How a few local denim jeans changed to new branded wardrobe
but then why there are less people to use them
How a single plate of samosa changed to a full Pizza or burger
But then why there is less hunger…
Here i am sitting in my office @ night…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed…
How a bike always in reserve changed to bike always on
but then why there are less places to go on…
How a small coffee shop changed to cafe coffee day
but then why its feels like shop is far away…
How a limited prepaid card changed to postpaid package
but then why there are less calls & more messages…
Here i am sitting in my office @ night…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed…
How a general class journey changed to Flight journey
But then why there are less vacations for enjoyment…
How a old assembled desktop changed to new branded laptop
but then why there is less time to put it on…
How a small bunch of friends changed to office mate
but then why after 8'o Clock it always feel like getting late….
Here i am sitting in my office @ night…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed… how it changed…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed from a maverick collage life to strict professional life…
How tiny pocket money changed to huge monthly paychecks
but then why it gives less happiness…
How a few local denim jeans changed to new branded wardrobe
but then why there are less people to use them
How a single plate of samosa changed to a full Pizza or burger
But then why there is less hunger…
Here i am sitting in my office @ night…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed…
How a bike always in reserve changed to bike always on
but then why there are less places to go on…
How a small coffee shop changed to cafe coffee day
but then why its feels like shop is far away…
How a limited prepaid card changed to postpaid package
but then why there are less calls & more messages…
Here i am sitting in my office @ night…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed…
How a general class journey changed to Flight journey
But then why there are less vacations for enjoyment…
How a old assembled desktop changed to new branded laptop
but then why there is less time to put it on…
How a small bunch of friends changed to office mate
but then why after 8'o Clock it always feel like getting late….
Here i am sitting in my office @ night…
Thinking hard about life
How it changed… how it changed…
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